CWE-126

Podatność w oprogramowaniu układowym chipsetów Qualcomm SD 450, SD 625 i SD 820 umożliwia odczyt poza granicami bufora (out-of-bounds read) podczas przetwarzania ramek sieci Wi-Fi (802.11). Wysoki wynik CVSS 9.8 wskazuje na poważne zagrożenie — atakujący może działać zdalnie bez uwierzytelnienia.

Krytyczna podatność w protokole Windows Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) umożliwia zdalnemu, nieuwierzytelnionemu atakującemu wykonanie dowolnego kodu na podatnym systemie. Ocena CVSS 9.8 wskazuje na bardzo wysokie ryzyko, ponieważ atak nie wymaga żadnej interakcji użytkownika ani posiadania konta w systemie.

Biblioteka Facebook Wangle zawiera błąd w komponencie LineBasedFrameDecoder, który nieprawidłowo przesuwa wskaźnik bufora podczas identyfikacji znaków nowej linii, prowadząc do potencjalnego przepełnienia bufora (underflow). Podatność uzyskała ocenę CVSS 9.8, co czyni ją krytycznym zagrożeniem dla aplikacji korzystających z tej biblioteki.

Podatność typu buffer over-read w oprogramowaniu Fuji Electric FRENIC LOADER v3.3 (wersja 7.3.4.1a) może pozwolić zdalnemu atakującemu na wykonanie dowolnego kodu na urządzeniu. Krytyczny poziom zagrożenia (CVSS 9.8) wynika z możliwości ataku sieciowego bez uwierzytelnienia i bez interakcji użytkownika.

Moduł mod_mime w Apache HTTP Server pozwala na odczyt jednego bajtu poza końcem bufora podczas przetwarzania złośliwego nagłówka odpowiedzi Content-Type. Podatność o ocenie CVSS 9.8 może prowadzić do poważnych konsekwencji dla bezpieczeństwa serwera.

FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP w wersjach 4.0.0–4.1.0 zawiera podatność typu buffer over-read w module parsowania odpowiedzi DNS, umożliwiającą odczyt danych spoza bufora. Błąd jest szczególnie groźny w urządzeniach wbudowanych i systemach IoT opartych na FreeRTOS, gdzie stack TCP/IP jest zasobem krytycznym.

Podatność w OpenVPN w wersjach 2.7_alpha1 do 2.7_rc1 pozwala nieuwierzytelnionemu atakującemu zdalnie wywołać heap buffer over-read podczas parsowania adresów IP. Błąd może skutkować ujawnieniem wrażliwych danych z pamięci procesu lub odmową usługi (DoS).

BACnet Stack przed wersją 1.3.2 zawiera podatność typu buffer over-read w funkcji `bacapp_decode_application_data` w pliku bacapp.c. Błąd ten może prowadzić do nieautoryzowanego odczytu danych z pamięci oraz wywołania odmowy usługi (DoS) bez jakiegokolwiek uwierzytelnienia.

Podatność w serwerze web CODESYS V2 (przed wersją V1.1.9.22) zaimplementowanym w kontrolerach WAGO pozwala nieuwierzytelnionemu atakującemu zdalnie odczytać fragmenty pamięci stosu lub sterty, bądź wywołać awarię serwera. Ocena CVSS 9.1 (Critical) wynika z braku wymagań uwierzytelnienia i możliwości łączenia wycieku danych z destabilizacją systemu.

Rozszerzenie EXIF w PHP w wersjach 7.1.x poniżej 7.1.29, 7.2.x poniżej 7.2.18 oraz 7.3.x poniżej 7.3.5 zawiera podatność typu buffer over-read w funkcji exif_process_IFD_TAG. Przetwarzanie specjalnie spreparowanych plików może prowadzić do ujawnienia zawartości pamięci lub awarii aplikacji.

A vulnerability ( CVE-2025-21176 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord ) exists in DiaSymReader.dll due to buffer over-read. Per CWE-126: Buffer Over-read https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/126.html , Buffer Over-read is when a product reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer. This issue affects EOL ASP.NET 6.0.0 <= 6.0.36 as represented in this CVE, as well as 8.0.0 <= 8.0.11 & <= 9.0.0 as represented in CVE-2025-21176. Additionally, if you've deployed self-contained applications https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/deploying/#self-contained-deployments-scd  targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed. NOTE: This CVE affects only End Of Life (EOL) software components. The vendor, Microsoft, has indicated there will be no future updates nor support provided upon inquiry.

.NET, .NET Framework, and Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

A Buffer Over-read vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS). When an affected device receives a BGP update with a set of specific optional transitive attributes over an established peering session, rpd will crash and restart when attempting to advertise the received information to another peer. This issue can only happen if one or both of the BGP peers of the receiving session are non-4-byte-AS capable as determined from the advertised capabilities during BGP session establishment. Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved default behavior is 4-byte-AS capable unless this has been specifically disabled by configuring: [ protocols bgp ... disable-4byte-as ] Established BGP sessions can be checked by executing: show bgp neighbor <IP address> | match "4 byte AS" This issue affects: Junos OS:  * all versions before 22.4R3-S8, * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S5, * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S6, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R2-S2, * 24.4 versions before 24.4R2; Junos OS Evolved:  * all versions before 22.4R3-S8-EVO, * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S5-EVO, * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S6-EVO, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R2-S2-EVO, * 24.4 versions before 24.4R2-EVO.

Squid is a caching proxy for the Web supporting HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more. Due to a Buffer Overread bug Squid is vulnerable to a Denial of Service attack against Squid HTTP Message processing. This bug is fixed by Squid version 6.5. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

A vulnerability in the OSPF version 3 (OSPFv3) feature of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation of specific OSPFv3 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious OSPFv3 link-state advertisement (LSA) to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the OSPFv3 process to crash and restart multiple times, causing the affected device to reload and resulting in a DoS condition. Note: The OSPFv3 feature is disabled by default. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be able to establish a full OSPFv3 neighbor state with an affected device. For more information about exploitation conditions, see the Details section of this advisory.

A vulnerability in the data plane microcode of Lightspeed-Plus line cards for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the line card to reset. This vulnerability is due to the incorrect handling of malformed packets that are received on the Lightspeed-Plus line cards. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IPv4 or IPv6 packet through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Lightspeed-Plus line card to reset, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition for any traffic that traverses that line card.

A vulnerability in the MPLS Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) feature of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation when an affected device is processing an MPLS echo-request or echo-reply packet. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious MPLS echo-request or echo-reply packets to an interface that is enabled for MPLS forwarding on the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the MPLS OAM process to crash and restart multiple times, causing the affected device to reload and resulting in a DoS condition.

A vulnerability in the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol processing of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software for the Cisco Catalyst 9000 Family Wireless Controllers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of CAPWAP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malformed CAPWAP packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to crash and reload, resulting in a DoS condition.

A vulnerability in the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol processing of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controllers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation during CAPWAP packet processing. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted CAPWAP packet to an affected device, resulting in a buffer over-read. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to crash and reload, resulting in a DoS condition on the affected device.